مبانی نظری و پیشینه پژوهشی تاثیرعملکرد مدیریتی و اطلاعاتی بر محافظه كاري شرطی وغیرشرطی

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مقدمه

هدف از تاسيس هر موسسه، سازمان يا شركت تجاري، كسب سود و تداوم حيات آن مي باشد. براي نيل به اين هدف سازمان ها سعي مي كنند تا با افزايش بهره وري عوامل توليد، هزينه هاي خود را كاهش داده و بر سود خود بيافزايند، سرمایه گذاران نیز با هدف مزبور اقدام به سرمایه گذاری نموده و همواره کسب سود و بازده از دغدغه های اصلی آنهاست. سرمايه­گذاري يكي از عوامل مهم توسعه در قرن حاضر است. سرمايه­گذاري نيازمند برنامه­ريزي است. برنامه­ريزي، امكان بهره­برداري مناسب از فرصت­هاي موجود را فراهم مي­آورد. براي افزايش اثر بخشي برنامه­ريزي بايد توانايي پيش­بيني صحيح و مستمر را بهبود بخشيد. پيش­بيني عنصر كليدي در تصميم­گيري هاي اقتصادي است. با ایجاد و شکل گرفتن مبحث تفکیک مالکیت از مدیریت و ایجاد یک تضاد منافع بزرگ بین مالکان و مدیران، ارزیابی عملکرد شرکتها موضوع مورد توجه اعتباردهندگان، مالکان، دولت و حتی مدیران است.

از طرفی دیگر محافظه كاري حسابداري باعث منفعت رسانيدن به سرمايه گذاران مي گردد چرا كه باعث تعديل مشكلات بنگاه در ارتباط با تصميم گيري هاي سرمايه گذاري مديران، افزايش كارايي قراردادها، سهولت نظارت بر مديران و كاهش دعاوي حقوقي مي گردد. اين مزاياي محافظه كاري باعث كاهش اثرات منفي ناشي از نتايج اين واقعيت مي شود كه اشخاص وابسته به شركت داراي عدم تقارن اطلاعاتي هستند .محافظه كاري علائم هشدار سريع براي سهامداران فراهم مي نمايد زيرا كه باعث انتقال سريع اخبار بد مي گردد. در این پژوهش قصد داریم که بدانیم آیا عملکرد مدیریتی و اطلاعاتی می تواند بر محافظه کاری شرطی و غیر شرطی تاثیر گذار باشد یا خیر.

مطالب عنوان شده در این فصل  شامل بیان مبانی نظری مربوط به عملکرد مدیریتی، اطلاعاتی و نیز محافظه کاری شرطی و غیر شرطی خواهد بود و همچنین به مرور تحقیقات صورت گرفته مرتبط با پژوهش حاضر خواهیم پرداخت.

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