مبانی نظری و پیشینه پژوهشی اثر تمرینات هوازی بر برخی از عوامل خطرزایبیماری شریان کرونری در بیمارانمولتیپل اسکلروز (MS) متوسط

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فهرست محتوا

مقدمه

اين فصل به دو بخش مباني نظري و پيشينه پژوهش تقسيم مي­شود. به مباني نظري موضوع پژوهش پرداخته و در بخش مربوط به پيشينه پژوهش نيز به پژوهش­هاي که در زمينه فعاليت بدني مخصوصا تمرينات هوازي و بيماري مولتيپل اسکلروز انجام گرفته پرداخته مي­شود.

بخش اول: مباني نظري

2-2- مولتيپل اسکلروز

مولتيپل اسکلروز (MS) يک اختلال مزمن عصبي- عضلاني است که با التهاب در ماده سفيد سيستم عصبي مرکزي همراه است (37، 83و193). اين بيماري يک بيماري مزمن است که به صورت شايع در بالغين جوان ديده مي­شود و به صورت نواحي اسکلروزه در ماده سفيد سيستم عصبي مرکزي، از بين رفتن و اسکلروز در سلول­هاي مغزي مي­باشد (37، 65، 192و197).

ضايعات التهابي مشخصه بيماري مولتيپل اسکلروز، با از بين رفتن ميلين[1] در سيستم عصبي است که ابتدا در ماده سفيد مغز مشخص مي­شود. اين پلاک­هاي همراه با التهاب به وسيله تجمع سلول­هاي سفيد خون در سيستم عصبي تشکيل مي­شود. از بين رفتن ميلين باعث اختلال در انتقال عصبي مي­شود. ميلين يک ماده تشکيل شده از چربي و پروتئين است که پيرامون فيبرهاي عصبي را در مغز و نخاع احاطه مي­کند و باعث تسريع انتقال ايمپالس­هاي عصبي مي­شود

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