مبانی نظری و پیشینه پژوهشی تمرين مقاومتي بر عملکرد کبد

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فهرست محتوا

فصل دوم: مباني نظري و پيشينه پژوهش

2-1-مقدمه13

2-2-بخش اول: مباني نظري14

2-2-1-ارتباط چاقي واضافه وزن با مرگ ومير14

2-2-2-بيماري كبدي درافراد چاق15

2-2-3-پاتوژنز بيماري كبدي متابوليك18

2-2-4-تمرينات مقاومتي به عنوان روشي در درمان چاقي20

2-2-5-تمرينات مقاومتي ومتابوليسم22

2-2-6اثرات متابوليك تمرينات مقاومتي25

2-2-6-1-كنترل وزن25

2-2-6-2 بافت آديپوس احشايي27

2-2-7-كاهش خطر متابوليك29

2-3-بخش دوم: تاثير انواع مداخلات غيردارويي روي عملكرد كبد. 30

2-3-1-تاثير مداخلات تغذيه اي روي عملكرد كبد30

2-3-2-تاثير تمرينات هوازي روي عملكرد كبد32

2-3-3-تاثير تمرينات مقاومتي روي عملكرد كبد34

خلاصه فصل36

فهرست منابع و مآخذ70

مقدمه

شيوع چاقي و اضافه وزن در سراسر جهان در حال افزايش است، مقايسه آمار سالهاي80- 1976 با سالهاي 2000-1999 نشان داده كه شيوع اضافه وزن(BMI25-29.9kg/m²) از 46% به 5/64% رسيده است، همچنيين اين مقايسه نشان مي دهد كه شيوع چاقي(BMI ) دو برابر شده است. همه گير شدن چاقي به كشور خاصي مربوط نمي شود بلكه مربوط به سراسر جهان است و اين شامل كشورهاي توسعه يافته، در حال توسعه و ثروتمند نيز مي شود. چاقي و اضافه وزن دلايل زيادي دارند كه شامل دلايل ژنتيكي، متابوليكي، رفتاري و محيطي مي شوند. افزايش سريع شيوع چاقي و اضافه وزن به تاثير غالب فاكتورهاي رفتاري و محيطي نسبت به تغييرات بيولوژيكي اشاره دارد(Malnick and Knobler,2006,565-579).

در سال 1980 لوديگ[1] و همكاران پيشامد هاي بافت شناسي و كلينيكي كه بوسيله تجمع چربي در كبد مشخص مي شوند و در بيماري كبدي پيشرفته به اوج خود مي رسند را تشريح كردند، و بيان كردند كه اين بيماري محصول تغييرات متابوليسم سوبسترا است و چاقي در آن يك مولفه بيماريزاي اصلي است. به استثناء موارديكه به مصرف زياد از حد الكل مربوط مي شوند، ته نشست چربي در كبد ممكن است مجزا(چربي كبد خالص يا التهاب) يا با درجه اي متغيير از فيبروز و التهاب بر اثر نكروز كه نهايتا به فيبروز پيشرفته، سيروز كبد و سرطان هپاتوسلولار مي انجامد در ارتباط باشد. در 20 سال گذشته مطالعات بسيار زيادي در زمينه ارتباط چاقي با بيماريهاي كبدي انجام شده است و نشان داده اند كه چاقي ممكن است به طور قطعي يك فاكتور خطر بيماري كبدي كه احتياج به ملاحظات دقيق دارد باشد. مطالعات منتشر شده نشان مي دهند كه ارتباط چاقي با بيماريهاي كبدي قابل توجه است(Marchesini et al,2008,574-580).

مشخص شده است كه در افراد چاق احتمال مختل شدن عملكرد كبد بسيار زياد است. جهت بهبودي مجدد عملكرد كبد روشهاي دارويي و غير دارويي زيادي وجود دارند، يكي از روشهاي غير دارويي انجام منظم تمرينات ورزشي است. اگرچه مطالعات نشان داده اند كه تمرينات ورزشي هوازي مي توانند در بهتر كردن عملكرد كبد تاثير گذار باشند، بعضي از پژوهشگران از نقش تمرينات مقاومتي نيز در اين زمينه حمايت كرده اند. در اين فصل ادبيات نظري، پيشينه و مكانيسمهاي ارتباط چاقي با عملكرد كبدي  در بخش اول و در بخش دوم تاثير انواع مداخلات غير دارويي روي عملكرد كبد بازبيني و مرور مي شوند.

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