مبانی نظری و پیشینه پژوهشی تمرین استقامتی و مقاومتی

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فهرست محتوا

فصل دوم- مبانی نظری و پیشینه تحقیق

2-1 مقدمه 15

2-2 مباني نظري 15

2-2-1 چاقی15

2-2-2 علل چاقی16

2-2-3 عوارض چاقی و بیماری های مربوط با آن18

2-2-4 بافت چربی بدن19

2-2-5 بافت چربی به عنوان یک اندام درون ریز20

2-2-6 ادیپوکاین ها.20

2-2-7 نسفاتین- 121

2-2-7-1ساختار اولیه پروتئین NUCB2  به عنوان پیش نمونه نسفاتین- 21

2-2-7-2 نسفاتین- 1 محیطی: الگوهای بیان و عملکردهای بیولوژیکی آن23

2-2-7-3 عوامل اثر گذار بر میزان نسفاتین-126

2-2-7-4 نسفاتین- 1  و فعالیت بدنی 27

2-2-7-5 نسفاتین- 1 و رابطه آن با مقاومت به انسولین28

2-2-8 مقاومت به انسولین28

2-2-8-1 رابطه فعالیت بدنی و مقاومت انسولینی29

2-3 پیشینه تحقیق31

2-3-1 نسفاتین- 1 در گروه های مختلف انسانی و بیماران31

2-3-2 تاثیر تمرینات استقامتی و مقاومتی  بر سطوح نسفاتین-135

2-3-2-1 پژوهش های داخلی36

2-3-3 تاثیرتمرینات استقامتی و مقاومتی  و ترکیبی بر مقاومت به انسولین43

2-3-3-1 تحقیقات داخلی43

2-3-3-2 تحقیقات خارجی45

منابع    10

مقدمه

پژوهشگر بر آن است تا ابتدا زمینه های مبانی نظری مربوط به نسفاتین -1 و شاخص مقاومت به انسولین بیان شود و سپس به ارائه نتایج  پژوهش ها و تحقیقات مختلف انجام گرفته در رابطه با نقش تمرینات مختلف بر روی متغیرهای مورد مطالعه و رابطه آن ها با یکدیگر بپردازد.

2-2) مبانی نظری

2-2-1)چاقی

با تغییر سبک زندگی و ترکیب مواد غذایی، شیوع چاقی با سرعت رو به افزایش است. چاقي يكي از معضلات مهم بهداشتي قرن حاضر در سراسر جهان و از جمله در كشور ما محسوب مي شود. تحقيقات اخير نشان داده اند كه شيوع چاقي و اضافه وزن به ميزان هشدار دهنده اي رو به افزايش است. اين افزايش هم در كشور هاي توسعه يافته و هم كشورهاي در حال توسعه مشاهده مي شود(53،52).

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