مبانی نظری و پیشینه پژوهشی موقعیت یابی پراکنده¬گرهای الکترومغناطیسی با استفاده از الگوریتم های بازسازی خطی و غیرخطی برای کاربردهای تصویربرداری مایکروویو

با سحافایل در خدمت شما هستیم با «پیشینه پژوهشی و تحقیق و مبانی نظری موقعیت یابی پراکنده¬گرهای الکترومغناطیسی با استفاده از الگوریتم های بازسازی خطی و غیرخطی برای کاربردهای تصویربرداری مایکروویو» که بطور کامل و جامع به این مبحث پرداخته و نیاز شما را به هرگونه جستجوی بیشتری برطرف خواهد نمود.

فهرست محتوا

 

تصویربرداری مایکروویو  

2-1- مقدمه  

2-2- مقایسه روش‌های مختلف تصویربرداری

2-2-1- تصویربرداری با اشعه X

2-2-2- تصویربرداری به روش MRI  

2-2-3- تصویربرداری با اشعه مافوق صوت

2-2-4- تصویربرداری با اشعه مایکروویو

2-3- مروری بر روش­های مختلف تصویربرداری مایکروویو

2-4- چالش­های موجود در تصویربرداری مایکروویو

2-4-1- مقدمه

2-4-2- سیگنال­های چند مسیری

2-4-3- چالش­های استفاده از محیط با اتلاف

2-4-3-1- تاثیر القای متقابل

2-4-3-2- گستره دینامیکی بخش الکترونیک

2-4-3-3- ایزولاسیون کانال به کانال

2-4-3-4- انتخاب آنتن

2-4-3-5- نویز محیط زمینه

2-5- مروری بر سیستم­های عملی تصویربرداری مایکروویو

2-5-1- سیستم تصویربرداری دانشگاه Dartmouth

2-5-2- سیستم تصویربرداری توسعه یافته دانشگاه Dartmouth

2-5-3- سیستم تصویربرداری مایکروویو در دانشگاه Manitoba

2-5-4- سیستم تصویربرداری Fresnel

2-5-5- سیستم تصویربرداری Barcelona

2-5-5-1- آرایه استوانه­ای

2-5-5-2- شبکه سوئیچینگ

2-5-5-3- داده­برداری و کالیبراسیون

مراجع 

 

مقدمه

سرطان سینه به عنوان دومین عامل مرگ ناشی از سرطان در زنان بعد از سرطان ریه می­باشد. در یک تحقیق، تعداد زنان مبتلا شده به سرطان سینه در آمریکا تنها در سال 2011 بیش از 230000 نفر تخمین زده شده است. تعداد مرگ ناشی از سر طان سینه در سال 2011 ، حدود 401420 مورد بوده است ]50[. تحقیقات نشان داده است که تشخیص سرطان سینه در مراحل اولیه می­تواند به درمان این نوع سرطان کمک نماید. تحقیق دیگر که توسط مرکز تحقیقات سرطان در انگلیس انجام شده است نشان می­دهد حداقل 31% زنان مبتلا به سرطان دارای سرطان سینه هستند (شکل (2-1)).

 

2-2- مقایسه روش­های مختلف تصویربرداری]51 و 52[

تحقیقات در زمینه تشخیص سرطان سینه توسط بسیاری از محققان دنیا صورت گرفته است و روشهای متعدد و ابزارهای مختلف جهت این کار مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. یک ابزار تصویر برداری می­بایست دارای ریسک پائین باشد بدین معنی که:

1- حساس به تومورها به ویژه تومورهای بدخیم باشد.

2- قادر به تشخیص سرطان سینه در مراحل اولیه باشد.

3- دارای اشعه غیر مضر باشد.

4- به کارگیری آن ساده باشد.

5- از نظر هزینه مناسب و به طور گسترده در دسترس باشد.

6- کمترین ضرر و آسیب را برای زنان ایجاد کند.

7- دارای نتایج مناسب باشد.

سرطان سینه توسط روش­های زیر قابل تشخیص می­باشد:

• ماموگرافی با اشعه ایکس
• تصویربرداری با اشعه مافوق صوت
• تصویربرداری توسط رزونانس مغناطیسی(MRI)
• تصویربرداری با امواج مایکروویو(MI)

تصویربرداری با اشعه X، اولین روش تشخیص سرطان سینه در زنان می­باشد. در صورتی که این روش، آشکارسازی را انجام دهد سپس از روش تصویربرداری با اشعه مافوق صوت استفاده می­شود. روش تصویربرداری MRI، معمولاً برای مشخص کردن جزئیات بافت سرطانی پس از تشخیص اولیه مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرد. تصویربرداری با اشعه مایکروویو نیز به عنوان یک روش جایگزین با قابلیت بالا جهت تشخیص سرطان سینه قابل استفاده می­باشد و امروزه توسعه الگوریتم­های مورد استفاده در این روش یک زمینه تحقیقاتی جدید در دنیا می­باشد . در بخش بعدی مزایا و معایب هر کدام از روش­های تصویربرداری فوق را با جزئیات بیشتری مورد بررسی قرار می­دهیم.

 X-ray Mammography

Ultrasound Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Microwave Imaging

 

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